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Trenton's Own Company 



OF 



ENGINEERS 



Its Experiences and Exploits 



WITH 



Some Facts About Its Organization 
and Personnel 



Compiled and Published 

BY 

THE ENGINEERS CLUB 
•i 

OF TRENTON, N. J. 






0^ 



THE SAKCO COMPANY 

Printers, Engravers and Stationers 

TRENTON, N. J. 



Gift 

Publish** 
«A* 20 1922 



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DEDICATED 



TO 



Company C and its Heroic Dead 



SPENCER BLOOR 
GEORGE J. BAUER 
JOHN P. DOHERTY 
ROBERT FLACK 
KENNETH E. PRICE 
ROBERT B. VOLK 
3 



FOREWORD 



THE purpose of this little brochure is to make avail- 
able for the members of Company C and those who 
take a special pride in their glorious achievements, 
the official records of the Company's movements and prin- 
cipal occupations during its active campaign in France, 
in such form that it may be conveniently preserved and 
afford a ready reference. 

The material herein is not intended to be anything 
more than a mere outline of the Company's history. 
Linked up with the bare facts now available are many 
personal experiences and incidents of individual heroism 
and hardships all of which must be collected and cor- 
related and worked into the main fabric before the full 
story can be told. 

No doubt a thorough and complete history, and one 
which will do full justice to the patriots of Company C, 
will some day be written. Until this time it is the hope 
that the facts contained in this little booklet may serve 
some useful purpose. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



OF THE many chapters that will make up the history 
of America's achievements in the war, none will 
be more brilliant and inspiring and reflect a greater 
degree of patriotic zeal than that dealing with the part 
played by Trenton's Own Company of Engineers. En- 
joying the distinction of being a volunteer organization 
brought into existence shortly after the declaration of 
war with Germany, and with a record of valuable service 
rendered to the Government at the great cantonment 
of Camp Dix, and finally crowned by a record of gallant 
conduct while overseas, it would be hard indeed to pay 
a tribute commensurate with the distinguished service 
which will forever be a monument to the glory of these 
patriots. 

Company C was recruited by the Engineers Club of 
Trenton in response to an urgent request from Adju- 
tant General Barber that the Club undertake the forma- 
tion of such a unit with all possible haste. With the 
prospects of a formidable conflict ahead, and a crying 
need in the State Militia for a Battalion of Engineers, no 
time was to be lost in supplying the deficiency. Com- 
panies were being organized in Newark and Camden and 
these, together with the Trenton unit, were to form the 
Battalion for which there was such an imperative need. 
By the middle of April, 1917, the Club's efforts were in 
full motion. A call for volunteers was issued and spread 
broadcast about the city, and every means of bringing the 
undertaking to the attention of the men of the community 
was employed. The response was generous, but owing 
to the great percentage of rejections on account of physi- 
cal defects, the work of bringing the Company up to its 



required quota proved an arduous task. However, nothing 
was to be thought of but success and in this spirit the 
work was prosecuted. 

Great credit is due to Captain George W. Mulheron and 
Lieutenant Carlton B. Harveson (since promoted to the 
rank of Major) who were chosen by the Club to com- 
mand the Company, for their untiring efforts in the work 
of recruiting. To them is largely due the credit for the 
success with which the Club's efforts were finally crowned. 
Of course, it was realized from the outset that a large 
part of the responsibility of success would necessarily rest 
on the shoulders of those who were to receive the Club's 
indorsement as officers of the Company. The provision 
that officers in the National Guard must be elected by a 
vote of the men made it necessary, if the Club's choice of 
officers was to be sustained, that those selected to com- 
mand the Company take an active part in the work of 
recruiting and establish a close personal contact with their 
men during the period of the Company's formation. The 
unselfish spirit in which Captain Mulheron and Major 
Harveson responded to the Club's call and fulfilled the re- 
sponsibilities which their selection imposed upon them, 
cannot be too highly commended. Acknowledgement 
must also be made to the many members of the Company 
whose co-operation played such a large part in the final 
success of the project. 

The election of officers proved the faith of the men 
in Captain Mulheron and Lieutenant Harveson, who, with 
Lieutenant Woodruff and 2d Lieutenant Whippen, both of 
whom had the indorsement of the Club and were well 
equipped for Engineer officers, were chosen by the men 
of the Company as their staff of commissioned officers. 

For a short period prior to its movement to Camp Dix, 
the Company was quartered in the Armory where it was 
assembled at frequent intervals for drill and discipline. 
On June 1st, 1917, a small detachment was sent to Wrights- 
town to commence the work of surveying and mapping 
the site preparatory to laying out and constructing the 
great cantonment which was later to play such an im- 
portant role in the training of the draft army for overseas 
duty, the first contingent of which was to arrive on Sep- 
tember 1st. These men were the first troops to establish 



themselves in the great Camp and this distinction is very 
keenly cherished by the men of Company C. On June 
26th, the entire Company was assembled at the Camp and 
permanent headquarters established. 

The Company remained at Camp Dix for three months 
during which time it rendered indispensable service in the 
discharge of the many duties incident to the development 
of the Camp. Supervision of the construction of roads, 
railroads and the many utilities that go to make up a 
modern soldier city, checking of materials of construc- 
tion and keeping time of a vast army of workmen, com- 
prised a large pai^t of the routine of the men of Com- 
pany C during this period. And so efficiently did it dis- 
charge its duties, that upon its departure for the south, 
the Commander of the Camp, Major-General Kennedy, 
saw fit to express himself by letter upon the excellency 
of its work. 

On August 5th, 1917, all of the organizations of the 
National Guard were Federalized and by this procedure 
Company C, together with the other companies of the 
Battalion, lost its status as a National Guard unit. The 
change thus brought about occasioned considerable spec- 
ulation as to what would be the ultimate fate of Company 
C, as little was known of what disposition the Govern- 
ment would make of the former units of the Guard. It 
was rumored at the time that the companies might be 
broken up and the men assigned individually to other 
units, and this prospect was anything but pleasing to the 
men. But the Company was not to suffer any such fate, 
as future events proved. 

Early in August a number of the members of the En- 
gineers Club journeyed to the Camp to present the Bat- 
talion with the Engineer Colors. The flag was turned over 
with fitting ceremonies, President of the Club, Fred C. 
Carstarphen, making the presentation on behalf of the 
Club, and Major Frederick A. Reimer responding with a 
speech of acceptance. The flag was carried by the Bat- 
talion and by the 104th Regiment until shortly before 
its departure for France, when the regimental colors were 
supplied by the Government, and there being no further 
use for it, it was returned to its donors. It was the general 
expectation that the flag would be carried overseas, and 

9 



the fact that it was not occasioned some disappointment. 
However, on account of the associations which it brings 
up, it is none the less prized by the members of the Club 
and will be preserved and cherished as a memorial to the 
gallant men of Company C. 

After three months of valuable service at Camp Dix 
the Company received orders to entrain for Camp Mc- 
Clellan, Alabama, on October 3d, 1917. Considerable dis- 
appointment on the part of the folks at home was caused 
by the sudden and unexpected removal of the men from 
Camp Dix, without an opportunity being afforded of bid- 
ding them a farewell. An eleventh-hour effort was made 
to have their train shunted to Trenton enroute, but the 
War Department, to whom the appeal was made, remained 
immovable and the departure was executed as per 
schedule. 

At Camp McClellan the 29th Division was in process of 
formation and the three companies which originally com- 
prised the N. J. Engineer Battalion formed the ground- 
work upon which was built up the divisional Engineer 
Regiment, the 104th Engineers. The companies were 
raised to full war strength of 250 men and many changes 
in the personnel of the officers were effected. Company C 
came out of the shuffle with all of its original officers 
transferred to other companies and a staff of strange 
officers in their stead. This proved disappointing not only 
to the men of the Company but to their many friends at 
home who had hoped that the Company would retain its 
identity as a strictly local unit. However, this was only 
the beginning of Company C's experience in this respect, 
for in the course of its career it was destined to have no 
fewer than seven different Captains and as many junior 
and senior Lieutenants. 

For eight months the men went through intensive and 
rigid training preparatory to overseas service. Finally, 
the 104th Engineers received its orders to embark and on 
June 14th, 1918, left Camp McClellan for the port of em- 
barkation at Hoboken. On June 17th the Regiment sailed 
for France on the U. S. S. Northern Pacific. The voyage 
was uneventful with the exception of a submarine scare 
which occasioned considerable amusement among the men 
who were assembled on deck with their life preservers, 

10 



only to find that the supposed submarine was nothing 
more formidable than a stray buoy. Following- a ten days' 
voyage the Regiment arrived at Brest, France, on June 
2 6th, 1918. After a short stay at Brest, during which time 
the Company was employed in the construction of docks, 
the Regiment moved inland on July 5th, travelling by 
train to Maatz where it arrived on July 7th, and Regi- 
mental headquarters were established. Company C was 
billeted at Coublanc, a small town about a half mile from 
Maatz. Here the Company was employed in drill and 
discipline for about ten days, after which it moved to 
Giromagy, about fifteen miles in the rear of the southern 
sector of the Alsace front, arriving there on July 18th. 
At Giromagy the men were drilled in Infantry tactics and 
the use of the gas mask. 

The great German thrust to Paris which was at its 
heighth about this time, made it imperative that every 
available combat unit be rushed into action at once, and 
so, when the 3 2d Division was moved north from a quiet 
sector of the Alsace front to engage in the great counter 
offensive of the Allies, the 29th Division was hastily 
shifted to occupy the lines which the 32d was leaving. 
When the 2 9th Infantry and machine gun units took up 
their positions, the companies of the Engineer Regiment 
were distributed over the divisional area. Thus, on July 
25th, Company C went to Fulleren, a small town a few 
miles from the lines in the small section of Alsace re- 
captured by the French. 

After several days of dugout digging, the Company 
was given the "delicate" little task of clearing the dense 
undergrowth from the "field of Are" of our front line. 
Of course, this was "No Man's Land," but the lines,being 
in a heavy wood, the Company seldom even got a sight 
of the enemy. Work progressed favorably for several 
days with no interruption until one sunny morning in 
August the Company realized it was war after all. 

German machine guns had pushed up during the night, 
with the intention of wiping out an entire working platoon 
of Company C as it went to work on the following morn- 
ing. However, a patrol was sent in front of the main en- 
gineer body and the "nests" were discovered before the 
entire platoon was in range. In the engagement which 

11 



followed, Kenneth C. Price, of Burlington, a member 
of the advance patrol, was killed, being one of the 
first in the entire division to pay the supreme sacrifice. 
Robert Flack, of Newark, was missing and two additional 
men were severely wounded. Prompt action by the 
platoon prevented the Boche intentions from being ful- 
filled, and they were forced to a hasty retreat. 

The day following this experience (August 8th) Com- 
pany C left Fulleren for Badricort and Hagenbach, two 
small villages about two miles apart, a few miles north of 
Fulleren and directly behind the front-line trenches, half 
of the Company going to each place. From here a picked 
detachment of the Company under Lieutenant E. B. Miller 
was detailed to Retzwiller, about three miles west of the 
positions of the main Company, to go into training to co- 
operate with the divisional Infantry raiding parties. This 
platoon left on August 10th. 

On August 30th, after a stay of about three weeks, the 
Company left Badricort and Hagenbach for Xovillard, 
about twelve miles in the rear of the lines, for a rest 
period of two weeks. 

Meanwhile the platoon which was detailed to Rotz- 
willer was experiencing some hazardous work. Three 
groups were sent out to assist the Infantry raiding parties. 
The first raid, owing to a lack of proper reconnaissance, 
failed to reach the enemy trench. The second raid, con- 
ducted by the 115th Infantry, reached its objective. Per- 
haps a complete and detailed account of this raid will 
never be told. No one member of the party was in a 
position where he could observe the entire action, and, 
owing to the darkness and the intense excitement of the 
moment, it is doubtful whether any of those who par- 
ticipated grasped very much of what was going on about 
them. Lieutenant Miller's report of the raid, which is 
taken from Company C's official records, and which is 
no doubt based on the fragmentary accounts of those who 
were fortunate enough to return without serious injury, 
is as follows: 

"The Artillery fire was very effective, completely de- 
molishing the wire. The Engineer detachment led the 
raid, eight men going with each r>art^ while Sergeant 

12 



Haring, as leader, guided both from a position slightly 
in front and between the groups. Not knowing how 
effective the Artillery had been, both Engineer parties 
rushed forward with Bangalore torpedoes the minute the 
barrage lifted. Just as they reached the trenches high 
explosive shells began dropping around them. A sniper 
hit Corporal Bloor, who was leading the right-hand party, 
and he fell to one side, saying: "Go on, finish it." A few 
feet further a shell hit one of the torpedoes or close 
enough to explode it. A few minutes later Private Ryan 
recovered consciousness and after uncovering the part 
of himself, which was buried beneath dirt and debris, he 
began searching for the remainder of the party. He first 
found Private Paul, who, like himself, had just recovered 
consciousness. Together they searched the surrounding 
ground. Private Bauer was found apparently killed by 
the concussion. The remains of another body, which they 
took to be Private Volk, was close by. Continuing their 
search they found two wounded infantrymen whom they 
assisted back across "No Man's Land." Snipers were 
very active, but they managed to get back without further 
casualties. Private Ryan had received a slight flesh 
wound on his right leg and Private Paul apparently had 
had a close escape when a piece of shrapnel carried away 
a small portion of his left ear. Of the left-hand party 
only the Infantry suffered heavy losses. When the re- 
turn signal had been given they started back. Not an 
Engineer returned who did not assist a wounded man 
back with him. Private Winegar and an infantryman, 
while helping one of the wounded out of an abandoned 
trench, were both hit by a sniper, a ball passing through 
both thighs of the infantryman and lodging in Private 
Winegar's leg." 

In this action Company C suffered its greatest loss. 
Robert B. Volk, George J. Bauer, Spencer Bloor and John 
F. Doherty were killed, while James W. Haring and Bene- 
detto Rappa were seriously wounded, and James T. Ryan 
and John Winegar received wounds of a less serious 
nature. 

The third raid, conducted by the 113th Infantry, like 
the first, was unsuccessful. That the failure, however, 

13 



was in no way due to the Engineers who participated is 
attested by a statement of the Infantry Lieutenant in 
charge: "Had the party been all Engineers the raid 
would certainly not have been a failure." 

After its period of rest at Novillard, Company C moved 
to Elbach, on September 13th, and back to Novillard on 
September 21st, where the Rotzwiller detail rejoined the 
Company. With four of its members killed and several 
others missing on account of serious wounds the re- 
union was indeed a sad one. On September 2 3d the Com- 
pany left Novillard for Belfort where the entire Regiment 
departed on trains leaving the Alsace sector. 

In the Alsace area most of the movements of the Com- 
pany were made by hike and the work of the men con- 
sisted principally in the following operations: 

1. Clearing field of fire for machine guns. 

2. Constructing dugouts and light shelters. 

3. Building machine gun emplacements. 

4. Repairing barbed wire entanglements. 

5. Erecting barbed wire entanglements. 

6. Receiving training in demolition. 

7. Accompanying Infantry on raiding parties, de- 

molishing wire and other obstructions in ad- 
vance of the Infantry. 

On the 26th of September the great Meuse-Argonne 
battle commenced and toward the end of the month the 
29th Division was relieved and hastily moved north to a 
point about thirty miles south of Verdun, where it was 
held in reserve. On September 28th the conditions of 
advance made it necessary to order all Engineer troops to 
the lines at once and the 104th was detached and rushed 
to Avocourt where two days previous the 3 7th and 91st 
Divisions had started their drive forward. 

The entire unit was immediately placed on what may, 
perhaps, be called its most important work of the war — 
the building of a road across a "No Man's Land" of four 
years' standing, which had held the Crown Prince at 
bay in 1916. Continuous rain had made conditions such 
that the entire advance depended on the upkeep of the 

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roads as the guns, munitions and supplies had to keep 
up with the steadily-advancing fighting units a few miles 
ahead. While traffic jammed and pushed ahead in miles 
and miles of closely-packed trucks, guns, ambulances and 
wagons, the Engineers worked day and night to relieve 
the congestion. 

Former German positions and stone emplacements 
along the Boche lines within a half mile of the road, were 
broken up and carried by the men through narrow paths 
to the road. 

Finally, on October 5th, having worked night and day 
for a week, with nothing to eat but what could be begged 
from nearby ration dumps, and in other ways suffering 
indescribable hardships, conditions were such as to permit 
the Regiment to move back a few miles for rest. 

On the 8th, the 2 9th got its call, and, crossing the 
Meuse river by a hastily thrown pontoon bridge, attacked 
the strong German positions on the commanding heights 
of the east bank, about eight miles from Verdun. The 
29th, with the 33d on the left, and the 26th on the right, 
together with French troops, was shoving at the hinge 
of the great German line, which was swinging back be- 
fore the tide of the Allied armies from the pivot of A'erdun 
to the North Sea. 

Prussian and Bavarian shock divisions were rushed 
to the defense, and resistance was stubborn .at every foot. 

Meanwhile Company C, after but two days of rest 
from its exhausting experience at Avocourt, was moved 
to Brabant where, for twenty days (October 8th to Oc- 
tober 29th), the Company worked on the Brabant-Dan- 
villers road, directly behind the front-line positions of 
the sector occupied by the 29th Division. During this 
period it rained nearly every day and the men slept in 
abandoned trenches on damp ground. A day's work 
lasted from daylight until after dark and the men were 
given little opportunity to make themselves comfortable. 
Breakfast and supper were eaten in the dark. There were 
many gas alarms, the men being awakened several times 
every night to put on their gas masks. The work was 
shelled continuously day and night, and it was a streak 
of rare good fortune that none of the men were killed 
and but few wounded or gassed. 

15 



On October 2 9th the Division moved back for rest and 
replacements, Company C going to a rest billet at Somme- 
lonne. During the trip to Sommelonne, which was made 
partly on foot and partly by truck, a number of the men of 
the Company had an experience which they have reason 
not soon to forget. The truck in which they were riding 
was the last one of the convoy and the driver losing sight 
of the truck he was following took the wrong road at a 
cross-roads and was driving straight back towards the lines 
when the sound of the guns and the bursting of shells 
about them convinced the men of their plight. Unable 
to make the driver, who was a French Hindu-Chinese, 
comprehend the situation, the men used the best persu- 
asion they knew of, a pistol, and one of them took the 
front seat and directed the movements of the truck. The 
course of the truck was reversed and on the return, by 
rare good luck, the party came across a French officer 
in a Ford, who was one of the French Lieutenants in 
charge of the convoy and had been sent back to locate 
the lost truck. After a wild ride in which the Ford led 
the way the men reached their destination only ten min- 
utes behind the convoy. 

The signing of the armistice removed the prospect of 
any future combat service, and on November 18th the 
Company left Sommelonne for Blondefontain, where it 
was to remain until April 26th, 1919, at which time its 
movement homeward began. With the war virtually at an 
end and the thoughts of the men turned toward home the 
five months during which the Company remained here 
proved wearisome and tedious. The time was spent mostly 
in drill and repair of the roads in the divisional area, but 
the work had lost its former interest. 

Finally the word to move, which had so long been 
anxiously awaited, came on April 26th, and the Regiment 
entrained for the port of St. Nazaire where it arrived two 
days later. 

On May 11th the men embarked for home on the 
U. S. S. Manchuria, arriving at Hoboken on May 2 2d. 
The Regiment was assigned to Camp Merritt for the usual 
sanitary inspection after which it was moved to Camp 
Dix for demobilization. On May 26th, a date long to be 
remembered by the folks at home, the 104th Engineers, 

16 




Co. C filling- shell crater in Verdun-Sedan road 
during Meuse-Argonne offensive. 



which had made such an enviable record, paraded in 
Trenton enroute to Camp Dix. These bronzed crusaders 
sent a thrill through all who saw their triumphant pro- 
cession and the occasion is one which will hold a promi- 
nent place in the memory of their kinsfolk and many 
friends. 

On May 28th and 29th Company C was disbanded and 
the men -were restored to civilian life from whence they 
had come in the spirit of true patriots over two years be- 
fore. And thus comes to a close the record of a valorous 
unit of Engineers whose strenuous efforts and painstaking- 
regard for detail kept open the lines of communications 
for the forwarding of munitions and supplies to the ir- 
resistible American troops that smashed the German lines 
and captured the impregnable Argonne forest. Indeed a 
record of which we are all justly proud. 

17 



C CKJ 




AN APPRECIATION 



COPY. 

Headquarters 104th Engineers 
General Orders American E. F. 

Xo. 5. 3 March, 19. 

1. The following- letter of comendation from the Chief 
Engineer, American E. F., is published as his appreciation 
of the work of the 104th Engineers: 

"American Expeditionary Forces 

Headquarters Services of Supply 

Office of Chief Engineer, A. E. F. 

From: The Chief Engineer, A. E. F. 

To: Commanding Officer, 10 4th Engineers. 

Subject: Letter of Commendation. 

1. Before issuance of definite orders for your regi- 
ment to return to the United States, it is my desire 
that the command be advised that they have met 
the conditions imposed by the conflict just concluded 
in a most satisfactory manner. 

2. The duties performed by your regiment north 
of Verdun and in organizing the front line positions 
with the 5 7th and 58th Infantry Brigades was im- 
portant. The excellent road work of Avocourt, 
which was performed under heavy shell fire, was of 
the highest importance to the success of the first 
Argonne drive. 

3. I desire that you and your command know that 
the services rendered were highly satisfactory and 
deserve commendation. 

W. C. LANGFITT, 
Major General, U. S. A." 

2. This splendid appreciation of the performance of 
the regiment when it was tested is a tribute to the good 
work of all that had a part in its training and preparation 
for service, as well as those that served during the period 
mentioned. To all it will be an incentive to be worthy of 
a high reputation. 

FREDERICK B. DOWNING, 

Colonel, Engineers. 

19 



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COMPANY C's CASUALTIES 



KILLED. 



Private Kenneth E. Price, August 7th, while clearing field 
of fire in Fulleren sector. 

Private Robert B. Volk, August 31st, while accompanying 
Infantry on raiding party. 

Private George J. Bauer, August 31st, while accompany- 
ing Infantry on raiding party. 

MISSING. 

Private Robert Flack, August 7th, while clearing field of 
fire. 

Corporal Spencer Bloor, August 31st, while accompaying 
Infantry on raiding party. 

Private John F. Doherty, August 31st, while accompany- 
ing Infantry on raiding party. 

WOUNDED. 

Sergeant Walter M. Egler, slightly wounded by sniper 
August 8th in Fulleren sector. 

Private William Murray, seriously wounded August 7th 
while clearing field of fire in Fulleren sector. 

Privatt John J. Zentiles, seriously wounded August 7th 
while clearing field of fire in Fulleren sector. 

Sergeant James W. Haring, August 31st, while accompany- 
ing Infantry on raiding party. Seriously wounded. 

Private Benedetto Rappa, seriously wounded August 31st 
while accompanying Infantry on raiding party. 

21 



Corporal James T. Ryan, August 31st, slightly wounded 
while accompanying Infantry on raiding party. 

Corporal John E. Winegar, August 31st, slightly wounded 
while accompanying Infantry on raiding party. 

Private Edward Laursen, October 26th, at Brabant, 
slightly wounded by shell splinter. 

Private Owen D. Bynum, October 2 8th, at Brabant, slightly 
wounded when shell exploded and fragments 
entered tent where he was sleeping. 

Private Milton J. Campbell, October 2 8th, at Brabant, 
wounded when shell exploded and fragments entered 
tent where he was sleeping. 

Supply Sergeant John E. L,ownie, October 7th, at Marre, 
seriously wounded when wagon load of grenades ex- 
ploded. Sergeant Lownie was endeavoring to get 
wounded man out of danger zone. 

22 



COMPANY C's OFFICERS 

(In the Order of their Assignment) 



CAPTAINS 



GEORGE W. MULHERON 
PATRICK J. E. HOGAN 
* EDWARD P. EFFERTZ 
ORO McDERMITH 
JOHN W. KELSEY 
JOSEPH C. FITTS 
FRANK ERRICO, Jr. 

FIRST LIEUTENANTS 

LEONARD S. WHIPPEN 
CARLTON B. HARVESON 
FREDERICK D. WOODRUFF 
CLARENCE D. LAWSON 
EDWIN C. HOLBROOK 
JAMES A. CARTEN 
WILLARD W. TROXELL 
MAXWELL D. ALLEN 
HERBERT S. CLEVERDON 
ALVIN C. NICHOLS 
HARVEY ROBBINS 

SECOND LIEUTENANTS 

EARL B. MILLER 
JOHN A. MILLER 
KENNETH B. JONES 
HARRY M. BURK 
GEORGE W. BLACK 
GEORGE SCHLOTTERER 
WILBER HARDIGAN 
HERBERT GANT 



23 




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